are polish and ukrainian mutually intelligible

akavski has considerably more italian influence, due to many of the people there speaking italian (vicinity to italy) and the presence of istriot language and the former presence of dalmatian language. Bulgarian is a pluricentric language it has several literary norms. It is often said that Ukrainian and Russian are intelligible with each other or even that they are the same language (a view perpetuated by Russian nationalists). Exposure doesnt count. It shows that Macedonians indeed grew up to certain extent as bilingual Macedonian-Serbian. However, the Croatian macrolanguage has strange lects that Standard Croatian (tokavian) cannot understand. I have the hardest time to understand anything of Bulgarian, it sounds really fast and choppy but similar to Russian sometimes. Many Ukrainian-speakers consider the language . Because of all of this, tokavian speaker has a hard time understanding fast talking akavian speakers. IOW, I think there are two languages Czech and Slovak and I do not agree that they are the same language with two dialects. My father once read an article in polish and he said he understood almost everything, but when its spoken he said about 60%. Russian speakers are also likely to understand some Bulgarian, along with other Slavic languages to a lesser extent. Buzet is actually transitional between Slovenian and Kajkavian. So here you have a case, when I could not understand everything, but I could grasp the meaning (at least). Ikavian Chakavian has two branches Southwestern Istrian and Southern Chakavian. Therefore . There are distinct regional variations of Arabic. Three different methods were used: a word translation task, a cloze test and a picture task. Its often said that Czechs and Poles can understand each other, but this is not so. True MI testing does try to find virgin ears that have heard little of the other language and speak little or none of it. But other results that included Czech and Bulgarian were very poor. Bolgarian 30 % spoken, 50 % written About the mistakes Western Slovak speakers say Eastern Slovak sounds idiotic and ridiculous, and some words are different, but other than that, they can basically understand it. [4], Some linguists use mutual intelligibility as a primary criterion for determining whether two speech varieties represent the same or different languages. Actually the way it is spoken sometimes sounds more like Slovak to me than Czech or polish does, however past really basic speech it is pretty hard to understand. Are Russian and Polish mutually intelligible? The problem is that native speakers can understand other speakers of their own language. I think that Russian has at least 89% with Belorussian, because I understand all speech in Belorusian. The main Turkologist I worked with on that chapter told me that he thought 90% was a good metric. I also have formal training in several Slavic languages, which make most of them, except some of the Balkan ones, pretty much comprehensibe to me. The only (still rather minor) problem that I had with this text was the part Nared s osnovnata, izpolzovana v Balgarija (Together with the basic norm used in Bulgaria), because I could not understand Nared s osnovnata. We in Serbia even had some comic movies that was making fun of south Serbian dialects (that are more related to Bulgarian and Macedonian) with very mocking or even rude comments for someone who make mistakes in the word cases. [8], However, others have suggested that these objections are misguided, as they collapse different concepts of what constitutes a "language".[9]. Russian influence only ended in 1878. Macedonian and Bulgarian are fairly similar but they are not close to being fully mutually intelligible. Im The Lizard King, I Can Do Anything! How is it possible if they speak the same language? Ni Torlak vowel reflexes are otherwise in line with standard Serbian and Northwestern Macedonian, deriving nuclear /u e i e u r/ from / y * *l *r/; some Torlak dialects towards Kosovo or Bulgaria instead have [l ~ l] for /l/ (giving [v()l(:)k] where Serbian normally has [v:k]) but none in my vicinity. She didnt have any problem following. It was a long time ago though, so Ill try to convince her (and maybe a couple more Russians) to try this again tonight. He estimated that Belarusian and Ukrainian were at least 80% mutually intelligible, accents and dialect aside, and that Russian was far . Is there any way you could give me percentage figures for these observations of your wifes? can take anywhere. That is a particularly ugly version of nationalism brewing in your vicinity. Many Turkic languages are mutually intelligible to a higher or lower degree, but thorough empirical research is needed to establish the exact levels and patterns of mutual intelligibility between the languages of this linguistic family. On the one hand, Belarussian has some dialects that are intelligible with some dialects of both Russian and Ukrainian. Do you speak Boyko or Hutsul? There are some dialects around Buzet that seem to be the remains of old Kajkavian-Chakavian transitional dialects (Jembrigh 2014). Nevertheless Ukrainian intelligibility of Russian is hard to calculate because presently there are few Ukrainians in Ukraine who do not speak Russian. Im pretty sure things are identical in Belarus, if not worse afaik knowledge of Belarusian there is not too widespread in the first place. As for mutual intelligibility, learned exposure aside, Ive never had much of a fun time in any area of western or northern Serbia that wasnt Belgrade; my lack of a pitch accent system (where Serbian has four accents, Ni has independent accent and length that seldom coincide with the norm); I cannot for the life of me make sense of umadija or Vojvodina Serbian (these are considered the normative core of Serbian) without resorting to asking the other party to slow down and having myself talk slower. Could you please explain what you mean by language and intelligibility and hopefully remedy this failure of the original text? Jeff Lindsay estimates that Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). Are Polish and Ukrainian mutually intelligible? Accent is on last or penultimate syllable. Problem is the spoken form, as Bulgarians dont speak as it is written, which is the case with serbian or croatian. You would be amazed at how good peoples estimates of this sort of thing are though. Im a speaker of Torlakian Serbian characteristically closer to Macedonian than Standard Serbian, having three (nom/acc/voc) cases and using a fusional instead of an analytic past tense and, with regards to a certain comment made two years ago on here, can, without issue, understand Zona Zamfirova, a movie about life in Ottoman Ni, without any subtitles. Slovak students do not have to pass a language test at Czech universities. Personally Im a Taoist in relation to 9/11, the middle way, you know? akavian differs from the other nearby Slavic lects spoken in the country due to the presence of many Italian words. Ni Torlak has six vowels the standard /a e i o u/ and a reduced schwa // thats found where a strong yer once used to be, as in dog and sadness (this vowel has merged with /a/ in Serbian, but the two yers were kept as separate reflexes /e o/ (merging with those full vowels) in Macedonian) with phonemic and morpho-lexical stress that has plenty of grammatically conditioned shifts. As far as grammars are concerned (declension and conjugation), they are so similar that there is almost no effort in understanding that this noun is, for example, in dative plural, and that verb is imperfective past. However, Balachka is dying out and is now spoken only by a few old people. Also, I can only understand a small bit of Russian, and Ukrainian is even more far off for me(the pronunciation is easier but understanding is harder) and I can understand quite a bit of bulgarian(especially when written). The Torlakian spoken in the southeast is different. Czech completely and utterly incomprehensible. Its a nasty drug, and I hear its addicting. Spanish is also partially mutually intelligible with Italian, Sardinian and French, with respective lexical similarities of 82%, 76% and 75%. In the towns of Pirot and Vranje, it cannot be said that they speak Serbo-Croatian; instead they speak this Bulgarian-Serbo-Croatian mixed speech. If you think this website is valuable to you, please consider a contribution to support the continuation of the site. I can barely understand czech (slovak I havent tried) and, as similar as it is to croatian, I can only understand a little slovenian. Ive almost never heard it in Lviv, except by visiting villagers or old people. For instance, he and she in Standard Macedonia is toj and taa respectively, very close to Bulgarian toy and tya. A Serbian native speaker felt that the percentages for South Slavic seemed to be accurate. 2023 Enux Education Limited. I thought this is Croatia! . Pronunciation is quite different, but all patterns are easy to catch. Of course, the interviews are subtitled in Macedonian, but even an untrained ear and eye can see how similar these languages are. Then conversation is intelligible 100%. So I tried with my native Slovenian language and I was surprised how well Bulgars understand Slovenian language. In this week's Slavic languages comparison we talk about animals in Polish and Ukrainian. For the south slavic speakers, it is a commonism, almost a joke, for a Serb and a Croat to argue---in a mutually intelligible language---that . We speak them too. If you take your 25 (supposedly from Novi Sad) and 90 from Nis, then we come to about 60 percent (from Serbian side). How much Slovene can your average Chakavian speaker understand? Although even if they stuck to Polish/Ukrainian, they'd probably still understand each other. But despite similarities in grammar and vocabulary and almost identical alphabets, they differ sharply in many ways and are not mutually intelligible. But in the case of written Russian, you could elevate this number up to 70-80% quite easily. Eastern Slovak has 82% intelligibility of Rusyn and 72% of Ukrainian. Spanish and Catalan have a lexical similarity of 85%. Or as an English speaker, you might catch the gist of some Scots. adrian. Slovak 50 % spoken, 70 % written He said he is frequent visitor in Poland and therefore he speaks Polish. Cieszyn Silesian or Ponaszymu is a language closely related to Silesian spoken in Czechoslovakia in the far northeast of the country near the Polish and Slovak borders. We speak in our own, or we speak locally. ????? I always aske her about whether she understands Bulgarian and Serbian and she claims Serbian is way closer to her language rather than Bulgarian. The dialects of Ukrainian do not differ extensively from one another and are all mutually intelligible. Silesian or Upper Silesian is also a separate language spoken in Poland, often thought to be halfway between Polish and Czech. I was born in Upper State and I can barely understand some southern speakers.Do you think the politics in USA is also preventing the formation of new languages ? I can give you an example of how I can read Bulgarian: It is not that hard. Intelligibility data for Saris Slovak and Ukrainian is not known. 10%? There are many differences between Bulgarian and Russian speakers. So you are a speaker of Southern Chakavian, right? That barrier, however, is not too difficult to overcome. Nevertheless, the ISO has recently accepted a proposal from the Kajkavian Renaissance Association to list the Kajkavian literary language written from the 1500s-1900 as a recognized language with an ISO code of kjv. Since the breakup, young Czechs and Slovaks understand each other worse since they have less contact with each other. However, there are dialects in between Ukrainian and Russian such as the Eastern Polissian and Slobozhan dialects of Ukrainian that are intelligible with both languages . Conclusion: I can only speak from my personal experience (business trips to Czech Republic - Ostrava, Praha, Mlad Boleslav, Mikulov ). I simply didnt know what for example word iskati (to seek) means when I first watched that movie, I was 14, I understand it from the context like I can understand Macedonian. It is an official language of the Bulgarian republic and one of 23 official languages of the European Union. Hence, many religious books were imported from Russia, and these books influenced Bulgarian. Czech and Slovak are simply dialects of this one tongue. There is . Portuguese also has a high degree of mutual intelligibility with Spanish. Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). Pure Silesian appears to be a dying language. For instance, in 1932, Ukrainian g was eliminated from the alphabet in order to make Ukrainian h correspond perfectly with Russian g. After 1991, the g returned to Ukrainian. Ekavian Chakavian has two branches Buzet and Northern Chakavian. Polish and Ukrainian have higher lexical similarity at 72%, and Ukrainian intelligibility of Polish is ~50%+. The syntax is though very very similar! The only big one i disagree with your breakdown is serbian/croatian vs bulgarian. If, for example, one language is related to another but has simplified its grammar, the speakers of the original language may understand the simplified language, but less vice versa. I guess this would not have worked for Macedonian and Slovene in the Yugoslav army. Although the standard view is that Balachka is a Ukrainian dialect, some linguists say that it is actually a separate language closely related to Ukrainian. His level of understanding might be 90%, or 82%, 85%. For example, Dutch speakers tend to find it easier to understand Afrikaans than vice versa as a result of Afrikaans' simplified grammar. Robert Lindsay. Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). Lach is not fully intelligible with Czech; indeed, the differences between Lach and Czech are greater than the differences between Silesian and Polish, despite the fact that Lach has been heavily leveling into Moravian Czech for the last 100 years. I kind of like it though . For example the word najgolemata (the biggest) written in Serbian latin means najvea in Serbian, but I somehow know what golem/golema means, but when I hear this ta (definite article) in the end of the word, that sounds Macedonian to me more than golema, prefix naj (makes superlative form) is the same in Serbian. Due to no prior exposure to Russian, I could not understand that language, other than a few words and expressions here and there. It's also highly intelligible with Portuguese in writing, though less so when spoken. Linguistic distance is the name for the concept of calculating a measurement for how different languages are from one another. However, the Torlak Serbians can understand Macedonian well, as this is a Serbo-Croatian dialect transitional to both languages. It is not really either Bulgarian or Serbo-Croatian, but instead it is best said that they are speaking a mixed Bulgarian-Serbo-Croatian language. The higher the linguistic distance, the lower the mutual intelligibility. ", "Moldovan (limba moldoveneasc / )", "Experimental methods for measuring intelligibility of closely related language varieties", "Mutual intelligibility between closely related languages in Europe", Harold Schiffman, "Linguists' Definition: mutual intelligibility", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mutual_intelligibility&oldid=1137818628, Articles with incomplete citations from May 2015, Pages with login required references or sources, Articles needing additional references from July 2022, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from March 2015, Articles with self-published sources from April 2020, Articles with dead external links from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Kajkavian has higher mutual intelligibility with Slovene than with the national varieties of Shtokavian. I admit that my prehistoric learning of Russian (1985-1990) made it easier for me to guess the meaning of words izpolzovana a saestvuvat (which have the same meaning in Russian), but I think that I could guess it even from the context. Ive been following this page and kept coming to it for the past months, actually more than a year (and have noticed some updates). It is true that Western Slovak dialects can understand Czech well, but Central Slovak, Eastern Slovak and Extraslovakian Slovak dialects cannot. Torlakians are often said to speak Bulgarian, but this is not exactly the case. A more updated version of this paper with working hyperlinks can be found on Academia.edu here. And o shifts to u. Ukrainian and Russian only have 60% lexical similarity. Most people in the region speak Russian with a few Ukrainian words. The main difference is in the ortography. The Polish langauge uses the Latin script, while the Ukrainian is written in Cyrillic. Im Czech . Additionally, Norwegian assimilated a considerable amount of Danish vocabulary as well as traditional Danish expressions. This has, however, more to do with the new Ukrainian norm. Although different writing systems are used, there are many similarities in the grammar used, such as Russian, Polish, and Ukrainian. This is simply not the case. The differences to me are like New England English versus English in the deep South versus Australian. Some comments on Ukrainian: Regarding Russian/Ukrainian mutual intelligebility: most people who lived in Ukraine during the Soviet era and return there today say that modern Ukrainian differs greatly from the one spoken during Soviet times. Pei Mario (1949). Ukrainian is a lineal descendant of the colloquial language used in Kievan Rus (10th-13th century). 5 (2): 135146. Dont let the past politics fool you. 1. Written intelligibility is often very different from oral intelligibility in that in a number of cases, it tends to be higher, often much higher, than oral intelligibility. Around 80% comprehension, it gets hard to talk about complex or technical things. Macedonian syntax and lexics are more similar to Serbian, even though structures of the language such as articles (no declensions) function as in Bulgarian. You get 0%. Personal communication. Theres a good reason for this: mutual intelligibility. I am a native Czech speaker, I understand Slovak (a lot of exposure, many visits, many colleagues) and Russian (studied at school, many visits) in all three languages I am close 100% understanding of news, yet for Polish, Ukrainian and Croat I would rate my understanding at 15-20%, with no significant improvement just from being in the country (I have spent in total about 20 weeks in Croatia, 4 in Ukraine, 3 in Poland). No there is not. For me, Serbian and Macedonian are as different as Serbian and Slovene, they sounds somehow the same, but I dont understand them correctly. Ukranian: 20% She stated that Czech and Slovak are mutually intelligible and that the main differences between the two languages is that Slovak has somewhat of a Hungarian inflluence, and Czech has more of a German and Latin component. On the other side, i.e. [5][6] In a similar vein, some claim that mutual intelligibility is, ideally at least, the primary criterion separating languages from dialects.[7]. The real reason that Slavs cant even understand each other: not enough vowels in their tongues! They are native Kajkavian speakers and this is another proof that Kajkavian is actually Slovenian. It is more like the other slavic languages (v instead of u, z instead of s, itd, less vowels, and no distinction between and ). Maybe it is true for two persons from the opposite end of the dialect continium (Hrvatsko Zagorje and Strumica), that have never been out of their villages and try to communicate on their respective native dialects. Ja u raditi, for me, sounds more Croatian and Bosnian or at least archaic, and Serbians from Bosnia and Croatia also speaks in that way. In terms My family comes from Kaikavian (50%), Chakavian (25%) and Shtokavian (25%) areas, but at home, especially last years, we prefer to use only Kaikavian-Chakavian. If you speak Russian, you might be surprised at how much Ukrainian you understand. Yes, there are some words, which has Ukraine origins, but trust me that its not so hard to understand. Spanish is most mutually intelligible with Galician. Needless to say, Polish is very familiar too, except its phonology, getting the gist of which is just a matter of some time. It's not learning, but for become understanding - Ukrainian must listen Polish language from some hours to some days to get used to very specific pronunciation. The claim for separate languages is based more on politics than on linguistic science. This phenomenon is called asymmetrical mutual intelligibility. And when islanders respond back in akavian they are puzzled: What? Cheers brothers and sisters! I have read a book from Fraenkel/Kramer I believe or something similar, which said (according to some empiry) that Macedonians were easily switching to Serbian in comparison to Slovenes who stuck to their language in the time of Yugoslavia. Or when I heard the word pobrzajte (hurry up (plural)) it was very interesting to me. If we follow this line of reasoning, it would be correct to conclude that English is highly intelligible to Serbian speakers because most Serbs speak English. Russian is also 85% mutually intelligible with Belarusian and Ukrainian in writing. There is one factor they dont know about the internet. So I understood all but one word (), and Google Translator indeed confirms that my guess was right and it means also. 0%? Czechs hardly ever study at Slovak universities. The President outlines the role played by a former London public schoolboy, Omar Sheikh, in the kidnap and murder of Daniel Pearl, the Wall Street Journal reporter, in February 2002.

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